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Bladder cancer |
Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder - organ which stores the urine produced by the kidneys before it is passed out of the body.
UK incidence: 10,200 new cases and 4800 people die per year in the UK with a lifetime risk of 3%.
Types: The three types of bladder cancer are transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell or adenocarcinoma: (find out more).
Risks factors: In most cases there are usually no predisposing risk factors but there is some evidence of associations with a previous poor diet, smoking, alcohol, industrial exposure to dyes or chemicals or infection with a parasite (find out more).
Tests to determine a diagnosis and help decide on treatment options: Pelvic examination, blood tests, ultrasound of kidneys, MRI or CT scan, cystoscopy and biopsy (find out more)
What determines what treatment to use and whether it will be successful (prognosis):-
Treatment options (find out more):-
Treatment for the disease depends on its stage , type, and the patient's age and overall health. It may be classed as radical - aiming to cure or palliative - aiming to control symptoms. Options, often in combination include:-
Immunotherapy (injected via a catheter into the bladder eg. intravesical BCG)
Local chemotherapy (injected via a catheter into the bladder eg intravesicle mitomycin-c)

Further
information The book Lifestyle
After Cancer summarises the lifestyle evidence from around the world
and provides practical advice for all stages in the cancer journey. A detailed
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