What information has your patient has been given In addition to the verbal consultation with the doctor and specialist nurse your patients has been given an information pack containing:

• general information sheet on chemotherapy
• (cancernet.co.uk/chemotherapy.htm)  
• specific sheet for their specific regimens (see chemotherapy.htm)
• lifestyle & symptom advice sheet (chemo-lifestyle.htm) 
• contact numbers and advice (chemo-numbers.htm)
• directory of services of our information suit
• our copy of our general information video/DVD
• a card with information website address (cancernet.co.uk)

Admission advice Dr Thomas, Dr Bulusu & Dr Smith do not have beds at Bedford Hospital as patients are admitted under the on-call medical or surgical team. Patients receiving systemic chemotherapy who develop problems should be admitted to the on call team in the AAU (Acute Assessment Unit) at Bedford Hospital (01234 795987).  
Patients with a temperature should not be sent to A&E without a discussion with the on call Registrar. Following admission patients may then be transferred to the care of the consultant who referred your patient to the primrose Unit initially. The consultant will then be notified and will offer further advice. 
If a patient is admitted to another hospital further advice can be obtained by ringing D9 ward at Addenbrooke's Hospital 01223 216373) or the registrar on call at Addenbrooke’s for the antibiotic policy via switch board 01223 245151.
Patients receiving palliative chemotherapy who also have tumour related problems are best admitted to Bedford or directly to St John’s, Moggerhanger. (01767 640622). 

Nausea & Vomiting  Nausea remains a relatively common side effect of chemotherapy but with the advent of HT3 antagonists vomiting is unusual. It is important to treat vomiting actively as prolonged vomited leads to rapid dehydration, renal impairment and sometimes sero-concentration of the chemotherapy drug leading to more profound side effects. Patients would have been given range of anti-emetics, but if these are not working further measures are required: 
Exclude other medical causes of nausea including other drugs such as pain killers - particularly morphine based drugs or codeine. Anti-inflammatory drugs, hormone therapies, or some anti-biotics such as erythromycin.
If the patient has been given an additional suppository – ask them to use it. If the suppository of ondansetron 16mg or other measures such as im injection of stemetil  fails or there is a suspicion of dehydration the patient is best admitted.

Extravasation A small number of chemotherapy drugs can cause irritation and tissue damage. If they leak out of the vein whilst injected. This is called extravasation. All Nurses who administer chemotherapy have completed an intensive training programme and are fully aware of which drugs are more likely to cause these problems and what to do if extravasation occurs. Rarely problems can start after patients have left the unit. If patients complain of pain, redness, swelling, stinging or burning at the injection site unit contact the clinic via emergency numbers you have been given. In the mean time keep the arm raised and place a cool (not ice) pack on the area.

Diarrhoea Some chemotherapy agent can cause diarrhoea, which if prolonged and severe can cause serious consequences for patients such as dehydration which can alter excretion and increase the risk of neutropenia and infection. The most likely candidates are capecitabine, Uftoral and Irinotecan (campto). Patients are advised to drink plenty of fluids and take loperamide or codeine as required. If this does not control the symptoms,  is associated colicky pains, signs of dehydration or diarrhoea at night the cancer unit or centre should be contacted. If in doubt and otherwise the patient is well (for example in the evening) stop the oral chemotherapy and contact the Unit/centre the next day. If however the patient deteriates they must be admitted for intravenous fluids immediately. 

Neutropenic sepsis Neutopenic sepsis remains an important cause for concern for our patients. It may even be fatal if treatment is delayed. This can come on quite rapidly but is usually worst 7-14 days after chemotherapy. The patients have been given the following information:-

"Common symptoms of infection are: feeling hot then cold and clammy, shivering and shaking attacks and a raised temperature. It is very important to contact the hospital if you get a raised temperature. A normal temperature is between 36 and 37.2 C. If you feel unwell between chemotherapy treatments, check your temperature. If it is around 38C check it again in 1 hour and contact the hospital if it is still raised. If it is 38.5C or above ring the hospital straight away. Remember steroid (Prednisolone or Dexamethasone), Paracetamol or Aspirin tablets can make your temperature read normal even if you have an infection. Patients are asked not to take them and call the hospital directly if they feel unwell.

If patients contact another health professional the same advice should be followed. If a patient is admitted to another hospital further advice can be obtained by ringing D9 ward 01223 216373 or the registrar on call at Addenbrooke’s for the antibiotic policy via switch board 01223 245 151. In the event that information cannot be obtained form these numbers the antibiotic policy is summarised below:-

Diagnosis: This definition of a significant temp = single temp > 39c or two temps > 38c 2 hours apart. Remember that if a patient is on steroids or has recently taken paracetamol or aspirin, a rise in temp may be masked. Also if patients are neutropenic and are hypotensive & tachycardic, treat as for neutropenic fever even if they don’t have a temp. Patients should not be given paracetamol or aspirin to reduce the temp until a diagnosis has been established and IV antibiotics given.

Investigations on arrival: Take blood urgently for FBC (plus dif), U&E’s, LFT’s, Blood cultures. The swab procedure is Nose, throat, CVP line if applicable, any obvious infected sites, MSU. Stool as soon as possible (daily if the patient has diarrhoea) checking particularly for clostridium dificile. CXR. Avoid PR examinations as this may cause a peri-rectal abcess.

Treatment: If the patient has not been given antibiotic prophylaxis, including oral ciprofloxacin or has no central /Hickman line in situ:-

Ciprofloxacin 200mg iv bd,  Benzyl penicillin  1.2g iv qds  or
Ceftazidime 2g tds iv, Gentamicin 1.5mg/kg tds iv, Vancomycin 1 g iv bd in n/s over 100 mins

• Antibiotics should start within one hour of admission
• Discuss gentamicicn & vancomycin with microbiology in patients with renal impairment
• If there signs of intra-abdominal infection (eg entercoloitis) or peri-rectal infection then add Metronidazole 500mg iv tds. Also consider metronidazole if mucositis is severe.
• Continue/start oral ciprofloxacin 250-500mg bd and Fluconazole 50mg for 10 days.
• If the temp is > 38c and the platelets <20 give platelets.
• Patients should have a minimum of 2 litres of iv fluids and the need for further iv fluids assessed carefully.

Further information: Your doctors and specialist  nurses are in an ideal position to give information relevant to your situation. Macmillan has a help line and a prize winning video available in English UK ethnic languages explaining Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy. Cancernet.co.uk is a complete cancer information resource written by an experienced team of doctors, health professionals and patients. It will help you make informed decisions and guide you through the cancer journey including information about: Optimum treatment of specific cancers:  e.g.Breast | Prostate | Bowel.   Common treatments:  Chemotherapy | Radiotherapy | Hormones | Biological agents | Complementary.  Lifestyle and cancer: Books based on the facts | Exercise | Diet | Smoking | Sunbathing | Alcohol. Tip to help with the symptoms of cancer and side effects of treatments. Financial issues: Traveling and cancer | Travel insurance | Links to support groups | Books | Videos | Glossary | About us | Disclaimer | Tests for cancer | Clinical trials | What is cancer | How to avoid cancer